Final answer:
Recall is a type of memory retrieval where information is accessed from storage without cues, often used in essay exams. It differs from recognition, which is identification of information upon re-encountering it, and relearning, where previously learned information is learned again.
Step-by-step explanation:
The memory task the student is asking about is recall. This task is crucial when a person needs to retrieve previously learned information from long-term memory storage without the aid of cues. In academic settings, such as during essay exams, students are required to use recall extensively. A student may be asked to write about specific concepts or theories they have learned, without any prompts to guide their memory. In contrast, another form of memory retrieval is recognition, which is used when a person can identify previously learned information upon encountering it again, like in multiple-choice tests. Lastly, relearning is the process where an individual relearns information that they had learned previously, often more swiftly due to prior exposure.