Final answer:
Research review boards must provide their approval before any animal or human research. For animal research, the approval must come from an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), while for human research, an Institutional Review Board (IRB) ensures ethical guidelines are followed.
Step-by-step explanation:
Prior to any animal or human research, research review boards must provide their approval. For animal research, the approval must come from an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). An IACUC consists of administrators, scientists, veterinarians, and community members who review and approve research proposals involving animal subjects. On the other hand, for human research, an Institutional Review Board (IRB) ensures that proper ethical guidelines are followed, including informed consent and minimizing risks to participants.