Final answer:
Acute renal failure is characterized by a rapid loss of renal function and various signs and symptoms. However, metabolic alkalosis is not a sign or symptom of acute renal failure.
Step-by-step explanation:
Acute renal failure is characterized by a rapid loss of renal function, resulting in disturbances in body water, electrolyte balance, and decreased urine production. The signs and symptoms of acute renal failure include oliguria (decreased urine production), fluid and electrolyte imbalances, metabolic acidosis or alkalosis, heart arrhythmias, uremia, loss of appetite, fatigue, excessive urination, and hematuria (blood in the urine).
However, **metabolic alkalosis** is NOT a sign or symptom of acute renal failure. Metabolic alkalosis is a condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of bicarbonate ions in the body, resulting in elevated blood pH levels. It can occur due to factors such as excessive vomiting, use of diuretics, or prolonged nasogastric suctioning.