Final answer:
A yeast infection of the vulva and vagina with a cottage cheese discharge is typically caused by the fungus Candida albicans, resulting in symptoms of inflammation and discomfort. Diagnosis involves examining discharge characteristics, and treatment generally consists of antifungal medications.
Step-by-step explanation:
A yeast infection of the vulva and vagina associated with a cottage cheese discharge is most commonly caused by the fungus Candida albicans. This type of infection, known as vaginal candidiasis or candida vaginitis, induces inflammation and symptoms like itching, burning, and a distinct discharge that resembles cottage cheese. Candidiasis typically develops when there is a disruption in the balance of the vaginal microbiota, which can be due to factors such as antibiotic use, diabetes, pregnancy, or a compromised immune system.
To diagnose this condition, healthcare providers may rely on patient-reported symptoms and perform microscopic examinations or cultures of the vaginal discharge. Diagnosis of vaginitis, such as candidiasis, generally includes analyzing the discharge's acidity (pH), color, and consistency, which provide clues about the causative agent of the infection. Treatment usually involves an antifungal medication that may be either topical or oral, effectively reducing the overgrowth of the yeast and alleviating the patient's symptoms.