Final answer:
Organic solidarity arises in industrial societies with specialized division of labor leading to mutual interdependence, unlike mechanical solidarity which is found in traditional societies with a homogeneous division of labor.
Step-by-step explanation:
Organic solidarity, unlike mechanical solidarity, is associated with an extensive division of labor in society. Organic solidarity emerges in industrial and capitalist societies as described by Émile Durkheim. It represents the social cohesion that arises from the specialization of work, where individuals have different roles and responsibilities, leading to mutual interdependence. This form of solidarity allows people with differing values to coexist peacefully, and is characteristic of more advanced societies. In contrast, mechanical solidarity is typical of preindustrial or traditional societies with less division of labor and more homogeneity among its people's work, lifestyle, and beliefs. Here, social order is maintained through shared morals and values.
In the context of Emile Durkheim's work, 'The Division of Labor in Society', these terms help explain how societies transition and how social order is maintained. Organic solidarity is key in a society where the division of labor is highly specialized, and individuals rely on each other's differences to function coherently as a whole.