Final answer:
Flood stage is when a waterway overflows its banks. It indicates the point at which there is potential harm to the surrounding areas. The term '1 in 100 year flood' represents the probability, not the frequency of such an event.
Step-by-step explanation:
Flood stage is defined as the water level at which a stream overflows its banks. In other words, it is when the water level is high enough to begin to cause potential harm to nearby land and structures. Floodplains may be attractive for development because of their scenic water views, but due to the risk of flooding, these areas are better utilized for recreation that can withstand occasional flooding, like playgrounds or golf courses.
Understanding flood stages is crucial for managing waterways and preparing for potential flood events. The term "1 in 100 year flood" means there's a 1% chance of a flood of that magnitude occurring in any given year, not that such a flood happens once every hundred years. The recurrence interval of a flood refers to the estimated average time interval between floods of a certain size or larger. For example, on Sweetwater Creek, a flood stage with a discharge of about 4,500 cubic feet per second (cfs) might have a certain recurrence interval, which can be estimated through historical data and hydrological analysis.
Significant increases in flooding events due to a variety of factors, including possibly climate change, have been documented and are a cause for increased vigilance and adaptation in flood management. From crop field waterlogging to full plant submergence, floods can have a severe impact on agriculture, infrastructure, and communities.