The common name m-bromobenzaldehyde corresponds to the IUPAC name 3-bromobenzaldehyde, and the IUPAC name for glyceraldehyde is 2,3-dihydroxypropanal, with the structure (HOCH₂CHOHCHO).
In the context of organic chemistry, the molecule with the common name m-bromobenzaldehyde has the structure in which a bromine atom is attached to the benzene ring in the meta position relative to the aldehyde group. The IUPAC name for this compound is 3-bromobenzaldehyde, indicating the bromine substituent is on the third carbon of the benzene ring when the aldehyde carbon is considered as the first.
For glyceraldehyde, which has the molecular formula (HOCH₂CHOHCHO), the IUPAC name is 2,3-dihydroxypropanal. The OH groups are named as hydroxyl substituents, and the aldehyde functional group at the end of the chain is reflected in the suffix '-al'. So, the name indicates a three-carbon chain (propan-) with hydroxyl groups on the second and third carbons, and an aldehyde group at the first carbon.