Final answer:
Operation Desert Shield and Desert Storm were combined defensive and offensive military operations aiming to protect Kuwait and expel Iraqi forces. They began as a defense and buildup, evolved into a massive offensive, and concluded with Kuwait's liberation through technological superiority and psychological warfare.
Step-by-step explanation:
Operation Desert Shield and Desert Storm are examples of a combined defensive and offensive military operation. Initiated in August 1990 after the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, Operation Desert Shield aimed to prevent further aggression by Saddam Hussein's forces. This phase of the operation focused on defense and buildup for a potential offensive, which was realized when Operation Desert Storm commenced in January 1991. Fueled by an international coalition led by the United States, Operation Desert Storm was a response authorized by the United Nations to liberate Kuwait and repel Iraqi forces. The operation was characterized by swift and decisive use of technological military superiority, which resulted in the surrender of Iraqi forces and the liberation of Kuwait.
Moreover, Operation Desert Storm highlighted the effectiveness of psychological warfare, with pamphlets promising humane treatment dropped to erode Iraqi morale. Allies included a multitude of nations, securing the inclusion of Islamic countries by distancing the coalition from Israel to preserve unity. The high-tech military campaign was broadcasted on networks like CNN, bringing the conflict into the living rooms of millions and demonstrating the power of modern warfare and media. With limited coalition casualties and significant Iraqi losses, the operation called into question the future of U.S. involvement in the region, particularly regarding the potential removal of Saddam Hussein from power.