Final answer:
Life insurance proceeds paid to a beneficiary as a result of the insured's death are generally not subject to income tax, so the beneficiary would owe no taxes on the $121,000 death benefit received.
Step-by-step explanation:
The income received by the beneficiary from a life insurance policy death benefit is generally not subject to income tax. Therefore, when the beneficiary receives the $121,000 death benefit from the variable life insurance policy, they would not owe any income taxes on this amount.
The key reason for this tax treatment is that life insurance proceeds paid out due to the death of the insured are considered to be a return of premium and are meant to help beneficiaries cope with financial loss, rather than serve as income.