Final answer:
The correct statements about ATP are that it serves as the main energy carrier in the cell, drives endergonic reactions by phosphorylation of reactants, and its regeneration from ADP and phosphate is an endergonic process, making the answer e. A, B, and C.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is e. A, B, and C.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the primary energy-supplying molecule for living cells. ATP consists of a nucleotide, a five-carbon sugar, and three phosphate groups, the bonds of which have high-energy content often referred to as high-energy phosphate bonds. The energy released from the hydrolysis of ATP into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) is utilized to perform cellular work, thereby driving endergonic reactions. This process is facilitated by the enzymatic transfer of a phosphate group to specific reactants, in a process known as phosphorylation. This transfer elevates the energy level of the reactant molecules making them less stable and more reactive, thus allowing the endergonic reaction to occur.
Furthermore, the regeneration of ATP from ADP and phosphate, which recharges the ATP molecule for further use, is indeed an endergonic reaction as it requires energy input, usually sourced from cellular respiration and other metabolic pathways.