Final answer:
Visual impairment, such as blindness, and muscle weakness increase the risk of falls, thereby making 'e' (A and C only) the correct choice.
Step-by-step explanation:
The sensory impairment that places residents and patients at risk for falls is blindness and muscle weakness, which are options 'a' and 'e' respectively. Blindness or visual disturbances significantly increase the risk of falls because they impair the ability to navigate the environment, recognize obstacles, and maintain spatial orientation. Similarly, muscle weakness contributes to falls by affecting balance and coordination. Accommodations required by the Americans with Disabilities Act, like sidewalk ramps and Braille signs, address these impairments by improving accessibility for people with disabilities.
Regarding visual and muscular changes due to aging, it's important to note that aging can lead to a decline in sensory and motor functions, but not all senses increase with age. For example, visual disturbances can lead to conditions such as hyperopia where images are focused beyond the retina, requiring corrective lenses to improve vision.