Final answer:
Sexual harassment cannot originate from a neighbor inviting the target employee to participate in a birthday celebration for his wife, as it lacks a direct link to employment or the workplace, making option D the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sexual harassment in the workplace is an important issue encompassing unwelcome behavior that can originate from various sources and affect an individual's employment. The question posed asks where sexual harassment cannot originate from, and by definition, the sources of harassment can include a supervisor, whether on or off the job, a co-worker, and sometimes individuals not directly employed by the same employer, such as clients or customers.
However, an action or invitation from a neighbor does not fall under the purview of employment-related sexual harassment unless there is a clear connection to the victim's work environment or employment status.
Sexual harassment is defined by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) as any unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that adversely affects an individual's employment. This includes behavior that interferes with work performance or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment.
The type of harassment that typically arises in employment settings includes quid pro quo harassment and the creation of a hostile environment. Moreover, organizations are legally obligated to enforce policies against such harassment and provide a safe work environment for their employees.
Given the information provided and the legal framework within which sexual harassment is defined, it is clear that option D, a neighbor inviting the target employee to participate in a birthday celebration for his wife, is not a source of workplace sexual harassment as it lacks a direct link to the individual's employment or workplace.
Therefore, sexual harassment cannot originate from option D, a neighbor who invites the target employee to participate in a birthday celebration for his wife.