Final answer:
The act of Macy spreading rumors about Tya is an example of indirect or relational aggression. This form of aggression includes non-physical acts such as gossiping or ostracism. These behavioral differences can often be attributed to societal and cultural expectations of gender roles.
Step-by-step explanation:
Macy spreads a rumor about Tya after Tya is cast as the lead in the school play, the role Macy desired. This is an example of indirect or relational aggression. Such behavior is characterized by attempts to harm another person through the manipulation of relationships. It's often found in social circles and can include gossiping, spreading rumors, and ostracizing others from a group. The act of spreading a rumor because Tya got the role Macy wanted is a non-physical form of aggression that serves to harm Tya's social standing and self-esteem indirectly.
Research suggests gender differences in bullying behaviors. Boys are more likely to engage in direct, physical aggression, while girls often use indirect, relational forms of aggression, like the act Macy committed against Tya. Such differences are likely influenced by societal and cultural expectations of gender roles and behaviors. Studies have shown that society frequently discourages direct physical aggression in girls, leading them to adopt more covert methods of aggression.