Final answer:
Cultural norms significantly influence child rearing styles, with Chinese parents often being more controlling than Western parents. Spanking, while common in certain regions and demographics in the U.S., is ineffective and linked to child aggression. Authoritative parenting is generally promoted in American society but varies as a function of culture.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cultural Variations in Child Rearing Styles Research on cultural variations in child rearing styles reveals differences that are influenced by various cultural norms and values. For instance, parenting styles can show significant contrasts between different regions and ethnic groups. One notable difference is that, compared with Western parents, Chinese parents describe their parenting as more controlling. This tendency stems from a higher value placed on conformity and obedience in Chinese culture compared to Western cultures, as found in studies by Russell, Crockett, and Chao (2010).Another aspect is the use of physical punishment such as spanking. Research has shown that physical punishment is not effective and may lead to aggression in children. This practice varies culturally, with instances more common in certain regions, such as the South in the United States, and among those who do not have a college education (Crandall 2011; Berlin 2009).On the other hand, the authoritative parenting style, characterized by reasonable demands, consistent limits, and an understanding approach, is encouraged in modern American society due to the positive outcomes like high self-esteem and social skills in children (Baumrind, 1971, 1991). However, effective parenting styles vary by culture, and what is considered beneficial in one cultural context may not be so in another. Thus, understanding parenting styles in relation to cultural context is essential for anticipating the outcomes on children's development.