Final answer:
Discipline that relies on fear and punishment can make children anxious and prevent clear thinking, often leading to increased aggressiveness and antisocial behavior. Authoritarian parenting that uses such methods typically results in anxious and unhappy children. In contrast, positive discipline without harsh punishment can foster a supportive environment for healthy development.
Step-by-step explanation:
The discipline that relies on fear and punishment often results in children becoming anxious and frightened, inhibiting their ability to think clearly and determine the correct course of action. This approach to discipline may temporarily prevent undesirable behavior through conditioning but it carries significant negative effects. For instance, punishment can instill fear of the punishing authority, whether a parent or a teacher, and can lead to increased aggressiveness or antisocial behavior in children as shown in various studies. Furthermore, such methods of discipline might come from authoritarian parenting which values strict obedience and may result in anxious, withdrawn, and unhappy children.
Positive methods of discipline, on the other hand, can encourage children to learn and grow without fear. For example, reward systems, such as using praise or granting privileges for good behavior, can teach children without the negative side effects associated with harsh punishment. These strategies can foster a supportive environment where children are free to learn from their mistakes and develop prosocial behaviors without the threat of adverse repercussions.