Question

The study of phenomena at very low temperatures is called:

Answer 1

Answer:

The study of phenomena at very low temperatures is called cryogenics.

Step-by-step explanation:

Cryogenics is a branch of physics that focuses on the behavior and properties of materials at extremely low temperatures. It involves the study of how matter behaves and interacts at temperatures close to absolute zero (-273.15°C or -459.67°F), where many unique phenomena occur.

At such low temperatures, various materials exhibit intriguing properties, such as superconductivity and superfluidity. Superconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electric current without any resistance, while superfluidity is the ability of certain liquids to flow without any viscosity. These phenomena have significant technological implications and are extensively studied in cryogenics.

Cryogenic techniques also find applications in areas like medicine, engineering, and space exploration. For example, in medicine, cryogenics is used for preserving biological materials like cells, tissues, and even whole organs at very low temperatures, which can extend their viability for transplantation. In engineering, cryogenics is employed in the production and storage of liquefied gases, such as liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen. In space exploration, cryogenic fuels like liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen are used in rockets for propulsion.

In summary, the study of phenomena at very low temperatures is called cryogenics. This field explores the behavior and properties of materials at extremely cold temperatures, leading to discoveries and applications in various scientific and technological domains.

Answer 2

Cryogenics is the study of phenomena at very low temperatures, and it has allowed scientists to explore the behavior of materials such as ideal gases and engage in applications like cryosurgery and preservation of biological samples.

Step-by-step explanation:

The study of phenomena at very low temperatures is called cryogenics. This field deals with the behavior of materials and the properties of matter at temperatures typically below the boiling point of nitrogen (77 K at 1 atm).

Scientists in this field have achieved incredibly low temperatures in laboratory settings, such as approximately 1 × 10-10 K at the Helsinki University of Technology in 2008.

These studies help us understand superconductivity, the behavior of ideal gases at low temperatures, and other phenomena that only occur at such extreme conditions.

Moreover, cryogenic liquids, known for their applications as refrigerants in both industry and biology, are used in processes like cryosurgery and the preservation of biological materials.

The challenges in reaching absolute zero revolve around the fundamental principles of thermodynamics, specifically the third law, which implies that the absolute zero temperature (0 K) is not achievable through a finite number of steps due to the implications on a system's entropy.