Final answer:
A mechanically gated channel opens in response to physical deformation of the cell membrane, often due to pressure or touch, and is crucial in processes such as somatosensation and hearing.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of gated channel that opens or closes in response to distortion of the membrane is known as a mechanically gated channel. These channels are essential in somatosensation, where they are activated by physical stimuli such as pressure. When pressure is applied, for instance, to the skin, mechanically gated channels open, allowing ions to flow into the cell, initiating a response such as a sensory perception. Similar to these are thermosensitive channels that open due to changes in temperature. An example is when you test the temperature of the shower water; the change in temperature can cause these channels to open.
Mechanosensitive ion channels are another type of mechanically gated channel that is linked to the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton. They respond to mechanical forces or deformation of the plasma membrane and are involved in processes such as hearing. For example, in the ear, the movement of stereocilia due to sound waves can activate mechanosensitive ion channels, which then transduce the signal to the cochlear nerve, leading to the perception of sound.