Final answer:
Marx and Engels were primarily concerned with the rise of capitalism and the resulting class struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, foreseeing a worker's revolution leading to a classless communist society.
Step-by-step explanation:
Marx and Engels, writing in The Communist Manifesto, were concerned about B) The rise of capitalism and class struggle. They believed that historical change was driven by struggles between social classes, particularly between the bourgeoisie (owners of the means of production) and the proletariat (workers). Marx and Engels predicted that capitalism would eventually be overthrown by a revolution led by the proletariat, resulting in a classless society.
They perceived history as the history of class struggles, a continuous conflict between different social classes. Specifically, they highlighted the struggle between the bourgeoisie, who owned the means of production, and the proletariat, whose labor was exploited. The ultimate goal for Marx and Engels was the abolishment of capitalism, replaced by socialism, and eventually a classless society known as communism. They believed that the working class would lead a revolution against the bourgeoisie, resulting in a society where property and wealth were shared among the community as a whole.