Final answer:
The police powers refer to state authorities' ability to regulate for public welfare, which includes enacting labor laws to protect workers and ensuring safety and health standards. State governments use their reserved powers to regulate various aspects of daily life, and law enforcement agencies at different levels enforce these laws.
Step-by-step explanation:
The police powers are applied by forbidding certain activities and goods or regulating the scale of business operations. Under the police power, the states have sometimes enacted laws limiting the hours of work of male and female workers from dangerous occupations. State governments use their reserved powers to regulate the health, safety, morals, and general welfare of citizens, which includes issuing licenses, regulating interstate trade, and establishing public schools and local government.
For example, labor laws have been enacted giving workers protections such as setting minimum hourly wages, regulating work hours, prohibiting child labor, and ensuring workplace health and safety. Additionally, these laws prevent discrimination based on race, ethnicity, gender, and other factors, and require employers to provide family leave.
While the U.S. government has passed many laws to balance the power between employers and employees, state and local law enforcement agencies have the authority to enforce statewide laws and maintain public order within their respective jurisdictions, alongside federal law enforcement agencies with narrower, specific mandates.