Final answer:
Calgary's flood mitigation strategies include the conservation of wetlands, construction of seawalls and levees, improvement of stormwater management systems, land-use policies to protect floodplains, and climate change mitigation measures to reduce the severity of flooding events.
Step-by-step explanation:
Flood mitigation strategies are essential for cities like Calgary to manage and prevent the destruction caused by flooding. In urban areas, these strategies can include the creation or conservation of wetlands, which act as natural barriers against flooding. Other approaches might involve structural solutions such as the construction of seawalls and levees, as well as more adaptive solutions like urban planning that accounts for floodplain areas and restricts certain types of development.
Specific strategies for Calgary could involve the improvement of stormwater management systems, which help to control the rapid runoff that can lead to urban flooding. Additionally, Calgary could implement land-use policies that protect and restore floodplains, serving both as a buffer zone and a natural absorption system for floodwaters. Climate change mitigation strategies in Canada include reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which indirectly help to temper the extremity of weather events, including those leading to floods.
It is also worth considering institutionalized mitigation strategies like regulations on fuel efficiency, though these are more geared towards long-term climate change mitigation. In the event of extreme flood scenarios, plans might include emergency response protocols and even the relocation of citizens from high-risk areas. All of these strategies would need to be supported by ongoing research and evidence-based approaches to watershed and integrated flood management.