Final answer:
Recall involves accessing information without cues, while recognition involves identifying previously learned information with a process of comparison, often used in multiple-choice tests or recognizing familiar faces from the past.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question addresses two key concepts of memory retrieval: recall and recognition. Recall is a type of memory retrieval that involves accessing information without the help of cues. An instance when recall is used is during an essay test, where one must retrieve information from memory without any prompts. On the other hand, recognition involves identifying previously learned information upon encountering it again and usually requires a process of comparison, similar to when one answers a multiple-choice question or recognizes classmates at a high school reunion.
Both concepts are crucial in understanding how memory works and are often defined and compared in psychological studies, as they pertain to different ways the brain retrieves stored information. Recognition typically implies a more effortless and automatic method of memory retrieval when compared with recall, which can be more demanding and require active effort and attention.