Final answer:
The correct pairing is D. allantois - participates in gas exchange. It also stores nitrogenous wastes produced by the embryo.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct pairing of the extraembryonic membrane and its function among the options provided is D. allantois - participates in gas exchange and stores nitrogenous wastes. The allantois, as part of the amniotic egg, plays a crucial role in the life-support system for the developing embryo by housing waste products and facilitating respiration. In contrast, the yolk sac provides food for the embryo, while the amnion protects it by creating a sac filled with amniotic fluid. The chorion assists in gas exchange between the embryo and the external environment and will later contribute to the formation of the fetal portion of the placenta. The placenta, crucial for nutrient transfer and waste removal, is not one of the extraembryonic membranes but arises from the chorion and allantois in mammals.