Final answer:
The nurse should recommend pregnant women to consume folate-rich foods such as leafy green vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, and fortified cereals, which are essential to prevent birth defects and anemia.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nurse's suggestion for the pregnant woman to increase her intake of folates is crucial. The Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine recommends that women who might become pregnant consume at least 400 µg/day of folate from supplements or fortified foods due to the significant role folate plays in preventing birth defects, particularly neural tube defects such as spina bifida, and anemia during pregnancy. To achieve this, the nurse can advise the consumption of folate-rich foods such as:
- Leafy green vegetables (e.g., spinach, kale)
- Whole wheat products
- Fruits like oranges and bananas
- Nuts and seeds
- Legumes (beans, peas, and lentils)
- Meat, poultry, and fish
- Eggs
- Dark green leafy vegetables
- Soy products
- Organ meats
- Seafood
- Enriched breads and cereals
Additionally, it is important to highlight that pregnancies, certain medications, excessive alcohol consumption, and conditions like celiac disease can increase the risk of vitamin deficiencies. The mother should avoid toxic substances and ensure she provides sufficient nutrients, including folic acid (vitamin B9), calcium, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids, that are essential for the growth and development of the fetus.