Final answer:
After anesthesia, nausea and vomiting can occur due to the stimulation of the area postrema in the brain, which controls vomiting. The airway is maintained during surgery through endotracheal intubation, and post-surgery, medications like zofran and phenergan can alleviate nausea.
Step-by-step explanation:
Nausea and vomiting after anesthesia are common side effects that can occur due to a variety of factors, including the effects of anesthesia on the brain and gastrointestinal system. The area postrema in the brain, a region that controls vomiting, is sensitive to chemicals in the bloodstream and can be stimulated during anesthesia, often leading to these symptoms. During general anesthesia, muscles necessary for breathing and preventing airway blockage are affected. A procedure known as endotracheal intubation is used to maintain the airway and after surgery, medications such as zofran and phenergan can help with nausea. It is also essential for the anesthesia professional to carefully manage the transition from anesthesia to consciousness to minimize side effects, including nausea and vomiting.