Final answer:
The major function of RNA in carrying out genetic instructions for protein synthesis is indeed true, with different types of RNA (messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA) playing distinct roles in the translation process from DNA to proteins.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that the major function of RNA is to carry out the genetic instructions for protein synthesis is true. RNA, or ribonucleic acid, is a nucleic acid that plays a crucial role in the process of translating the genetic code from DNA into proteins. There are three main types of RNA involved in this process: messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries the encoded genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosomes; ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which is a part of ribosomes and plays a role in aligning mRNA and catalyzing peptide bond formation; and transfer RNA (tRNA), which brings appropriate amino acids to the ribosome based on the codons of the mRNA.
The central dogma of molecular biology encompasses the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to Protein, demonstrating the fundamental role RNA plays in gene expression. mRNA is synthesized during the transcription process where it replicates the genetic message of a gene. During translation, this message is used by the ribosome, in conjunction with tRNA and rRNA, to synthesize a specific protein. Therefore, RNA is essential in expressing and fulfilling the genetic instructions encoded in DNA.