Final answer:
Genetically programmed aging involves the gradual deterioration of the body's systems due to genetic factors that typically activate post-reproduction and environmental factors like lifestyle choices. Immunosenescence, the aging of the immune system, begins around age 50 and is subject to individual variability. Exercise and a healthy lifestyle can slow down age-related deterioration.
Step-by-step explanation:
Programmed Aging Factors
Genetically programmed aging refers to the gradual deterioration of body systems with age. Our bodies are initially equipped with defense mechanisms preventing genes from having an aging effect during reproductive years. These genes turn on after the reproductive phase passes, leading to signs of aging. The causes of aging are not entirely clear but include programmed factors like genetic programming and damage-related factors due to environmental influences and lifestyle choices.
Aging and the Immune System
Aging has a significant impact on the immune system, a phenomenon known as immunosenescence. This age-related decline generally begins at about age 50, making older people more susceptible to diseases. Over time, the thymus gland undergoes thymic involution, shrinking and reducing its efficiency in producing immune cells.
Lifestyle and Aging
While aging is inevitable, its progression and impact vary among individuals. Factors such as exercise and healthy lifestyle choices can slow down the deterioration of the body associated with old age. These actions can help mitigate the loss of tissue elasticity, muscle mass, and cognitive function that typically occur with aging.