Final answer:
The right match is Dissociative disorders, characterized by the separation of different aspects of identity. Elimination disorders are not about distortions of reality, Neurodevelopmental disorders don't typically involve severe anxiety, and Personality disorders imply long-term patterns rather than major disturbances.
Step-by-step explanation:
The psychological disorder that is correctly matched with a key feature from the options provided is Dissociative disorders, which involve a separation of different aspects of identity. This can manifest through a range of symptoms from gaps in memory to the experience of multiple distinct identities. Dissociative disorders are defined by the disconnection between thoughts, identity, consciousness, and memory. The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) provides the criteria for diagnosing dissociative disorders and other mental health conditions.
Option B, Elimination disorders, actually involve issues with urination or defecation, not severe distortions of reality. Severe distortions of reality are more closely associated with disorders like schizophrenia.
Option C, Neurodevelopmental disorder, refers to a group of conditions that include intellectual disabilities, communication disorders, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), learning disorders, and motor disorders. They do not typically include severe, unwarranted anxiety which is more characteristic of anxiety disorders.
Option D involves personality disorders, which indeed involve disturbances in emotional functioning, but these are long-term patterns rather than 'major disturbances.' It is characterized by an enduring and inflexible pattern leading to significant distress or impairment.