Final answer:
The 4 D's of abnormal behaviour are Dysfunction, Deviance, Distress, and Danger, which are criteria to help determine whether behaviour is abnormal. Cultural concepts of distress are also vital in understanding how various cultures view mental illness symptoms. The diathesis-stress model explains the interplay between genetic vulnerabilities and environmental stressors in developing psychological disorders.
Step-by-step explanation:
The 4 D's of abnormal behavior are Dysfunction, Deviance, Distress, and Danger. These criteria are used by mental health professionals to determine whether a behavior is abnormal. Dysfunction refers to behavior that interferes with one's daily functioning, while deviance indicates behavior that is significantly different from what is considered normal or acceptable in a culture. Distress is the negative feelings experienced by the individual or others around them, and danger refers to the potential risk the behavior presents to the individual or others. Cultural concepts of distress (CCD) also play an important role in how different cultures understand and express symptoms of mental illness.
The diathesis-stress model is another important concept in abnormal psychology. It postulates that psychological disorders develop due to a combination of genetic vulnerability (the diathesis) and environmental stressors. This model underscores the interaction between innate predispositions and external experiences.