Final answer:
Sammy's feelings upon winning a spelling bee and struggling with an arithmetic assignment align with Erikson's industry versus inferiority developmental stage, common during the elementary school years. This stage is critical for developing a sense of competence, where the role of parents and teachers is vital in reinforcing a positive self-concept and belief in one's abilities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sammy's experience of feeling proud after winning the spelling bee and incompetent when not completing an arithmetic assignment on time reflects Erikson's developmental stage of industry versus inferiority. This stage occurs during the elementary school years, when children are between the ages of 7 and 11. At this stage, they begin to develop a sense of pride and accomplishment through their achievements in schoolwork, sports, and social activities. Conversely, when they face challenges or do not perform as well as their peers, they may feel inferior or incompetent.
Parents and teachers play a crucial role in helping children navigate this stage successfully. They can do this by providing encouragement, fostering a supportive environment that allows children to explore their abilities, and guiding them through challenges without inducing a sense of failure. This support helps build a child's self-concept and belief in their own abilities, which is integral to their development of competence and overall psychological health.