Final answer:
Positive punishment involves adding an undesirable stimulus to decrease behavior, while negative reinforcement involves removing an undesirable stimulus to increase behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
In operant conditioning, positive and negative do not mean good and bad. Positive means adding something, while negative means taking something away. Reinforcement increases a behavior, while punishment decreases a behavior. Negative reinforcement involves removing an undesirable stimulus to increase behavior, such as a car seatbelt alarm stopping when you buckle up. On the other hand, positive punishment involves adding an undesirable stimulus, like scolding a student to make them stop texting in class. Examples of negative reinforcement include car manufacturers using seatbelt alarms and horse trainers applying pressure and removing it when the horse performs the desired behavior. Examples of positive punishment include scolding a student to stop texting in class and a parent taking away a toy when a child misbehaves.