Final answer:
An organizational chart is a graphical representation of how authority and responsibility are distributed within a project or an organization, displaying roles, responsibilities, and relationships.
Step-by-step explanation:
A graphical representation of how authority and responsibility is distributed within a project is most commonly known as an organizational chart or org chart. These charts are vital for clarifying the structure of management and the hierarchy within a company or project. The chart typically displays roles, responsibilities, and relationships between individuals within an organization, and can vary from complex multi-layered diagrams for large projects, to simple diagrams for smaller projects.
Organizational charts can also illustrate the distribution of power within a government, as referenced in examining how power and responsibility are distributed, shared, and limited in the government established by the U.S. Constitution. Similarly, a two-dimensional data plot can show the relationship between any two properties of a system with independent and dependent variables.