Final answer:
The correct option is B). The expansion of dendritic connections results in the creation of new neural pathways which is critical for brain development, cognitive function, and synaptic plasticity. Dendritic growth can affect memory and learning, as well as the brain's capacity to adapt to new experiences or environmental factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The expansion of dendritic connections results in new neural pathways in infant development. As dendrites grow and form more synapses, this process can enhance the brain's ability to process and integrate information. In studies concerning neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, it has been observed that dendritic growth can affect memory, learning, and the ability to adapt to new experiences. For instance, tissue cultures of neurons derived from sons of fathers without autism markers showed accelerated growth and a higher number of synapses compared to their fathers, implying a possible impact on information integration if such growth also occurs in vivo.
Synaptic plasticity is a critical aspect of neuron functionality, allowing synapses to be weakened, strengthened, or formed anew, which is essential for learning and memory. Crucially, experiences like stress can negatively impact this process, while positive factors like exercise can promote neurogenesis in the hippocampus, a key area for learning and memory. This dynamic rearrangement of synaptic connections, including the growth of dendrites, is crucial to neural adaptation and overall cognitive development.