Final answer:
Neuroscientists believe that the brain is wired through repeated experiences, as supported by theories of neuroconstructivism, evidence from neurogenesis, and the concept of neuroplasticity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Neuroscientists have extensively studied the factors that influence brain wiring and development. A consensus in the field is that the brain is significantly shaped by repeated experience. This notion is supported by neuroconstructivist theory, which posits that experiences, particularly those that recur, play a crucial role in the development of neural pathways, impacting our cognitive abilities. Epigenetics further underscores the influence of the environment by showing how gene expression can be altered by environmental factors within a single lifetime, thereby affecting an individual's traits and behaviors. Neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons, also ties into the importance of experience, as it is found that new neurons in the hippocampus can support learning and memory, with increased survival of these neurons being associated with better performance in learning tasks. Lastly, the concept of neuroplasticity demonstrates that the brain remains capable of change and adaptation in response to experiences throughout life.
The final answer to the question, "Neuroscientists believe that what wires the brain is," is C. repeated experience. This view acknowledges the dynamic interplay between an individual's innate biological factors and their environmental interactions over time. Repeated experiences, whether they be learning, environmental exposures, or social interactions, contribute to neural wiring and cognitive development, thus emphasizing the significant role of nurture in shaping the biological substrate of our behaviors and abilities.