Facing the XYZ Affair and Quasi-War, I navigated challenges as the second U.S. president. Despite Federalist opposition and Jefferson's 1800 victory, I found solace in the enduring Federalist influence in the judiciary.
My name is John Adams, and I was the second president of the United States. One of the first problems I faced was that hostility toward our country following the XYZ Affair was even more intense than the British raids of 1793.
France began seizing cargo from many of our ships, leading to an undeclared conflict known as the Quasi-War. The French demanded money before negotiations, leading to a diplomatic crisis known as the XYZ Affair. When the opportunity for peace arose, my political party, the Federalists, faced internal opposition.
Anti-French sentiment allowed the Federalist Congress to pass the Alien and Sedition Acts, restricting immigrants and limiting free speech. In response, Jefferson and Madison issued the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, emphasizing states' rights.
Jefferson's victory in the 1800 election marked the end of my presidency, but I took solace in the hope that Federalist influence would endure in the judiciary.