Final answer:
Deformation brought on by orogeny can result in changes in shape and/or volume of rocks, known as geologic structures. This includes mountain building, buckling, folding, and formation of sedimentary basins and shallow inland oceans. Understanding these deformations is important for studying past geological events and for industries like petroleum, mining, and engineering.
Step-by-step explanation:
Deformation brought on by orogeny can result in changes in shape and/or volume of rocks, known as geologic structures. This can include mountain building, buckling, folding, and the formation of sedimentary basins and shallow inland oceans. Continental collision during orogeny can cause the lithosphere to bend, creating a foreland or foredeep basin. These deformations are important to study for understanding past geological events, as well as for industries like petroleum, mining, and engineering.