Final answer:
The reproductive system begins to develop after conception but becomes fully functional at puberty, which spans from approximately 12 to 18 years of age. This is when the system matures, allowing the production and fertilization of gametes. The actual perpetuation of the species requires the coordinated function of both male and female reproductive capabilities.
Step-by-step explanation:
When the Reproductive System Begins its Biological Function
The biological function of the reproductive system, which is the perpetuation of the species, begins to take shape soon after conception. However, it does not become fully functional until puberty, which typically spans from about ages 12 to 18 years. During this period, hormones regulate the maturation of the male and female reproductive systems. For males, this involves the ability to produce sperm, while for females it involves the readiness of the ovaries to release eggs (oocytes), and the reproductive tract to potentially support a pregnancy.
Reproductive maturity is marked by the production of sex hormones and the capability of the reproductive organs to perform their essential functions: the production and fertilization of gametes (sperm and eggs) and, in females, the ability to carry a fetus to term. Specific external and internal sexual organs, shaped by these sex hormones, are required for the transfer of male gametes to meet with the female gametes, allowing fertilization to occur.
This complex process is a result of a cascade of biological developments initiated early in embryonic development and reaching fruition during puberty when reproductive behavior or medical innovation can facilitate the creation of a new life.