Carbon dioxide is more important in weather processes than oxygen, nitrogen, and argon due to its significant role in the Earth's greenhouse effect and its ability to absorb and radiate energy.
The gas that is more important methodologically in weather processes than the others is carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon dioxide plays a crucial role in weather processes and climate dynamics due to its ability to absorb and emit infrared radiation, which greatly influences Earth's energy balance and contributes to the greenhouse effect. Although CO2 is present in much smaller amounts than nitrogen and oxygen, its impact on the global warming is significant.
Oxygen and nitrogen, despite their high abundance, do not have the same effect on weather processes because they do not interact with infrared radiation in the same way. Argon is a minor component of the atmosphere and also plays an insignificant role in weather processes. Thus, carbon dioxide's role in methodologically influencing weather is more profound than that of the other gases listed.