Final answer:
Selective optimization with compensation theory, important in understanding successful aging, is based on the principles of selection, optimization, and compensation according to Baltes and Baltes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Selective optimization with compensation theory states that successful aging is related to three main factors: selection, optimization, and compensation. This theory, formulated by Baltes and Baltes in 1990, emphasizes that as individuals age, they may experience a decrease in energy and, as a result, need to focus on selecting personal goals that are the most meaningful and that they can optimize their resources to achieve. People compensate for losses in certain areas by finding alternative ways to fulfill goals or by using different strategies to maintain their quality of life. This adaptation process is seen as a hallmark of successful aging. As part of social gerontology, this theory helps us understand how individuals can continue to develop successfully through the life course despite the inevitable challenges that age may bring.