Final answer:
In the context of the human body, the term describing the pathway that carries data for communication is the sensory pathway, specifically the ascending sensory pathways such as the dorsal column system and spinothalamic tract.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that describes the system of pathways used for communication which carry data in the biological context you are referring to is known as the sensory pathway. These pathways, particularly the ascending sensory pathways of the spinal cord, including the dorsal column system and spinothalamic tract, transfer somatosensory stimuli from the body to the brain. Sensations from below the neck travel through the spinal cord, while those from the head and neck take the cranial nerves route. Signals are transferred from one neuron to another through a synapse, where neurotransmitters are released. The nervous system and the endocrine system together maintain communication over long distances within the body.