Final answer:
Disinfection eliminates most microorganisms and is used on surfaces, but does not sterilize because it may not kill resistant microbes like endospores. High-level germicides can lead to sterilization under specific conditions. Antiseptics are used on living tissues to control microorganisms without harming the host.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of disinfection is designed to inactivate or eliminate most microorganisms on surfaces or objects. Disinfection does not completely sterilize an environment, as it is not effective against all types of microbes, particularly resistant endospores. Factors such as the concentration of the disinfectant, the duration of exposure, and the presence of organic matter can influence the effectiveness of the disinfecting process. Certain disinfectants, also known as high-level germicides, can lead to sterilization by killing a wide range of microbes, including endospores, when used under the right conditions. In healthcare environments, where preventing infection is critical, it is essential to choose appropriate microbial control methods like disinfection to maintain a safe setting.
In terms of microbial control on living tissue, such as to prevent infection, antiseptics are the appropriate choice, as they are suitable for use on living tissues. Antiseptics are chemical agents that slow or stop the growth of microorganisms on biological surfaces, such as skin or mucous membranes, without being toxic to the host tissues.