Final answer:
The major musical developments during the early Middle Ages emerged from the liturgical tradition, predominantly Gregorian chant, and later developed into polyphonic genres. The invention of the Gutenberg press facilitated the wide distribution of music, leading to the rise of a common musical language in the Renaissance. The Franco-Flemish school influenced this period greatly, with Italy emerging as a center for music by the end of the sixteenth century.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the early Middle Ages, major musical developments primarily emerged from the sacred domain, particularly from the tradition of Gregorian chant, which was monophonic. With the advent of the high medieval era, polyphonic genres began to develop, which become more prevalent by the late thirteenth and early fourteenth century, associated with the Ars nova movement.
The invention of the Gutenberg press in the Renaissance marked a significant moment for the distribution of music and musical theory, leading to an increased demand for music among the bourgeois class. This period saw the dissemination of chansons, motets, and masses throughout Europe, and the eventual rise of a common musical language with the influence of the Franco-Flemish school.
As the Renaissance period began around 1400, musical style and practice were greatly influenced by humanistic thought and the recovery of ancient Greco-Roman heritage. By the end of the sixteenth century, the centers of musical activity had shifted to Italy, with Venice and Rome leading as major centers. Significant advancements in both musical theory and notation systems during this time laid the foundation for Western music.