Final answer:
According to Muhammad's distinctions, an aspect of "the lesser jihad" typically refers to the external struggle against oppression and injustice, potentially including military defense of the Muslim community, mandated by recognized Islamic authority.
Step-by-step explanation:
Within the context of Islamic teachings as espoused by Prophet Muhammad, "the lesser jihad" refers to the external struggle against oppression and injustice, which may include military efforts for the defense of the Muslim community (ummah). This is in contrast to "the greater jihad," which refers to the internal, spiritual struggle to live a life in accordance with Islamic principles. It is important to note that the term jihad literally means "struggle" or "striving" and encompasses a wide range of endeavors aimed at personal betterment and societal improvement. An example of an aspect of "the lesser jihad" could include participating in a religiously sanctioned conflict or a military campaign that aims to protect the Muslim ummah, and which is called upon by a recognized Islamic authority.
An aspect of the "lesser jihad" can also be seen during the Ridda Wars, where the first Islamic state sought to bring Arab tribes under its control, both by treaty and by force if necessary.
However, it is critical to distinguish between the concept of jihad and any acts of violence or extremism that are not sanctioned by the core principles of Islam or legitimate authority. The proper practice of "the lesser jihad" aligns with historical contexts where the Islamic community sought to maintain its integrity and survival in the face of challenges and does not condone indiscriminate violence.