Final answer:
The painting techniques that create illusions of light and shade and three-dimensionality are called trompe l'oeil because they 'fool the eye.' Artists achieve this effect through various techniques such as perspective, shading, value, and the use of light and dark contrasts.
Step-by-step explanation:
The painting techniques that create illusions of light and shade and three-dimensionality are called trompe l'oeil because they "fool the eye." Trompe l'oeil is a French term that translates to "trick the eye." It is a technique used in art to create the illusion of actual three-dimensional objects. Artists achieve this effect by using techniques such as perspective, shading, value, and the use of light and dark contrasts, such as sfumato and chiaroscuro. These techniques help to make the artwork appear realistic and give the impression of depth and volume.