Final answer:
Respiratory acidosis is an overly acidic condition caused by too much carbonic acid resulting from an excess of CO2 in the blood. It can be caused by various respiratory problems, leading to compensation mechanisms that increase bicarbonate levels if not resolved. In contrast, respiratory alkalosis is caused by a deficiency of CO2, leading to opposite compensatory actions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Respiratory acidosis is a condition characterized by an excess of carbonic acid in the blood, leading to decreased pH levels. This excess of carbonic acid is typically a result of elevated levels of CO2, which occurs when the body cannot effectively remove CO2 through respiration. Some common causes of respiratory acidosis include pneumonia, emphysema, and congestive heart failure. In initial stages, bicarbonate levels may remain normal, but over time the body strives to compensate; this can result in elevated bicarbonate levels if the acidosis persists and compensation occurs.
In contrast, respiratory alkalosis occurs when there is a deficiency of carbonic acid in the blood. This happens predominantly when there is excessive exhalation of CO2, usually through hyperventilation. Factors contributing to respiratory alkalosis include extreme emotions, fever, infections, hypoxia or an aspirin overdose. In the compensation phase, the kidneys may excrete more bicarbonate to decrease blood pH back to normal levels.