Final answer:
The normal range for arterial blood pH is 7.35 to 7.45, which is critical for bodily functions. Deviations can lead to acidosis or alkalosis, both of which can cause serious health problems.
Step-by-step explanation:
The normal range for the pH of arterial blood measured at 37°C is 7.35 - 7.45. This slightly basic range is essential for maintaining physiological functions and homeostasis in the human body.
Blood pH levels are regulated by homeostatic mechanisms including the action of buffers, as well as the respiratory process of exhaling carbon dioxide (CO2). It's crucial for blood pH to stay within this narrow range, because deviations can lead to severe health issues. For instance, a blood pH below 7.35 indicates acidosis, which can cause symptoms such as headache, confusion, and lethargy. Conversely, a blood pH above 7.45 indicates alkalosis, potentially leading to cognitive impairment, muscle twitching, and nausea.
In a healthy person, the pH of blood is slightly basic. Blood contains buffers that help regulate pH and keep it within this narrow range. Homeostatic mechanisms also play a role in maintaining the pH of blood.
If the pH of blood falls below 7.35, it is considered acidosis, which can be life-threatening. If the pH rises above 7.45, it is considered alkalosis, which can also be fatal.