Final answer:
Chromosome condensation occurs when DNA wraps around histone proteins, forming nucleosomes that further compact with non-histone proteins into a dense structure, particularly during mitosis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Condensation of chromosomes is possible when DNA wraps around histones, which are protein molecules that help in packaging DNA. Histones combined with DNA form structures called nucleosomes, often compared to "beads on a string." Through further interactions with non-histone proteins, these nucleosomes coil into a 30-nm chromatin fiber, significantly compacting the DNA.
During cell division, particularly mitosis, chromosomes undergo even more condensation to ensure proper segregation of genetic material to daughter cells. This is aided by scaffolding proteins, which secure the chromosome's tightly packed form, displaying the chromosome's most condensed state during the metaphase stage of mitosis.
Condensation of chromosomes is possible when histones wrap around the DNA. Histones are proteins that form nucleosomes with DNA, creating a structure known as chromatin. When a cell undergoes mitosis, the chromosomes further condense, resulting in their most compact and condensed form.