Final answer:
A flood is when water overflows from a stream's channel, typically after periods of excessive precipitation or snowmelt, covering the nearby land known as the floodplain.
Step-by-step explanation:
A flood occurs when water overflows a stream's channel. This can happen when the amount of water from rainfall or melting snow exceeds the capacity of the river channel, commonly after heavy rainstorms or rapid snowmelt. The increase in river discharge, which is the volume of water moving through the river over time, can lead to the river's overflow.
Floods can cover the land adjacent to the river, known as the floodplain, which is often considered a good location for development due to its scenic views. However, the propensity for flooding makes it more suitable for less risk-heavy uses like playgrounds and golf courses. Moreover, weather patterns over the years have shown an increase in flooding events, affecting crops and cities relying on rivers for water resources.