Final answer:
Ethylene oxide kills microbes by alkylating amino and sulfhydryl groups which are essential for DNA replication and enzyme function. It is used for sterilizing heat-sensitive medical instruments but must be handled carefully due to safety concerns.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ethylene oxide typically kills microbes by blocking DNA replication and enzymatic actions. It acts as an alkylating agent, reacting with amino (-NH2) and sulfhydryl (-SH) groups present in proteins, which are crucial for cell functions. This chemical interaction leads to the modification of the biochemicals within the cell, resulting in the death of microbes. Ethylene oxide is particularly useful for sterilizing surgical instruments in medical settings and is effective for materials that would be damaged by heat sterilization.
It is important to handle ethylene oxide with care due to its explosive and carcinogenic properties. After sterilization, proper aeration is required to ensure the safety of sterilized materials. Despite its hazards, ethylene oxide remains a valuable tool for achieving sterility in heat-sensitive items, being part of protocols for the prevention of infection, including in vaccine preparation.