Final answer:
Energy released from atomic activities at high velocity, known as nuclear radiation or radioactivity, includes alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays, and is influenced by the temperature of the emitting matter.
Step-by-step explanation:
Energy emitted from atomic activities and dispersed at high velocity through matter or space is called nuclear radiation or radioactivity.
This process is the result of the spontaneous disintegration of radioactive nucleoids, where the nucleus breaks apart and the pieces, such as alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays, are emitted at high speed. As these particles interact with surrounding materials, they transfer kinetic energy, resulting in various forms of electromagnetic radiation. The characteristics of the emitted radiation depend on the temperature of the atoms and molecules involved.
For instance, in hot materials, the emitted waves are more energetic and have a higher frequency due to rapid particle movement. Conversely, in cooler materials, the emitted waves are less energetic. Additionally, nuclear reactions, such as uranium fission, can release nuclear potential energy, further contributing to the spread of radiation.