Final answer:
Glutaraldehyde affects proteins, which it cross-links, altering their structure and function. It does not primarily target lipids, carbohydrates, or nucleic acids.
Step-by-step explanation:
Glutaraldehyde primarily affects proteins among the types of macromolecules. It is a cross-linking agent that forms covalent bonds between the amino groups in proteins, altering their structure and function. Lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids are not primarily targeted by glutaraldehyde. The action of this compound is essential for various applications, including disinfection and tissue fixation in microscopy.
Types of Macromolecules
The four main types of macromolecules found in living organisms are proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each of these has unique functional groups that contribute to their differing chemical properties and functions within the body. For example, myelin, the insulating sheath around nerve fibers, is mainly composed of lipids and proteins.